Acetonitrile CAS 75-05-8 is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CN or C2H3N [3]. It is a colorless transparent liquid with excellent solvent properties and can dissolve various organic, inorganic, and gaseous substances. It is infinitely miscible with water and alcohol. Acetonitrile can undergo typical nitrile reactions and is used to prepare many typical nitrogen-containing compounds, making it an important organic intermediate.

Chinese name: Acetonitrile

Foreign name: Acetonitrile

Nickname: Methylcyanide

Chemical formula: C2H3N

Molecular weight: 41.052

CAS login number: 75-05-8

EINECS login number: 200-835-2

Melting point: -45 ℃

Boiling point: 81 to 82 ℃

Water solubility: easily soluble

Density: 0.786 g/cm ³

Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid

Flash point: 12.8 ℃ (CC)

Physical and chemical properties

Density: 0.786g/cm3

Melting point: -45 ℃

Boiling point: 81-82 ℃

Flash point: 12.8 ℃ (CC)

Refractive index: 1.344 (20 ℃)

Saturated vapor pressure: 13.33kPa (27 ℃) [5]

Critical temperature: 274.7 ℃ [5]

Critical pressure: 4.83MPa [5]

Ignition temperature: 524 ℃ [5]

Upper explosion limit (V/V): 16.0% [5]

Lower explosive limit (V/V): 3.0% [5]

Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid

Solubility: Miscible with water, soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether

Purpose

1. Chemical analysis and instrumental analysis

Acetonitrile has been used as an organic modifier and solvent in thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, spectroscopy, and polarographic analysis in recent years. Due to the fact that high-purity acetonitrile does not absorb ultraviolet light between 200nm and 400nm, a developing application is as a solvent for high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC, which can achieve analytical sensitivity up to 10-9 levels.

2. Solvent for hydrocarbon extraction and separation

Acetonitrile is a widely used solvent, mainly used as a solvent for extraction distillation to separate butadiene from C4 hydrocarbons. Acetonitrile is also used for the separation of other hydrocarbons, such as propylene, isoprene, and methylacetylene, from hydrocarbon fractions. Acetonitrile is also used for some special separations, such as extracting and separating fatty acids from vegetable oil and fish liver oil, to make the treated oil light, pure, and improve its odor, while maintaining the same vitamin content. Acetonitrile is also widely used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical, pesticide, textile, and plastic sectors. [2]

3. Intermediates of synthetic medicine and pesticides

Acetonitrile can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In medicine, it is used to synthesize a series of important drug intermediates such as vitamin B1, metronidazole, ethambutol, aminophenidate, adenine, and dithiocarbamate; In pesticides, it is used to synthesize pesticide intermediates such as pyrethroid insecticides and acetoxim.

4. Semiconductor cleaning agent

Acetonitrile is a highly polar organic solvent that has good solubility in oils, inorganic salts, organic compounds, and polymer compounds. It can clean off grease, wax, fingerprints, corrosive agents, and flux residues on silicon wafers. Therefore, high-purity acetonitrile can be used as a semiconductor cleaning agent.

5. Other applications

In addition to the above applications, acetonitrile can also be used as a component of organic synthesis raw materials, catalysts, or transition metal complex catalysts. In addition, acetonitrile is also used in fabric dyeing and coating composites, and it is also an effective stabilizer for chlorinated solvents.

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